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Role of Mangroves in Coastal Protection

Mangroves are unique trees with complex root systems. They thrive in saline coastal environments. Their sturdy structures help dissipate wave energy during storms and tsunamis. Without mangroves, coastal areas would face greater destruction during such events. The presence of mangroves reduces the impact of debris on buildings and infrastructure.

Research Methodology

The research team employed a smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) model. This computational technique simulates fluid dynamics and interactions between water, vegetation, and debris. The study replicated coastal conditions in a controlled environment, using a large water tank. The setup included a column representing a coastal building and debris models simulating shipping containers.

Findings on Debris Impact

The research revealed that heavier debris causes more impact forces on structures. The SPH simulations demonstrated that rigid staggered vegetation (RSV) outperformed tilting staggered vegetation (TSV) in reducing wave forces. RSV, akin to upright mangroves, effectively dissipated wave energy, while TSV showed less efficiency. The study recorded a 96% reduction in debris impact with rigid vegetation compared to 89% with tilting vegetation.

Implications for Coastal Defence

The findings suggest that planting rigid emergent vegetation along coastlines can mitigate erosion and protect against storm surges. Mangroves not only shield against disasters but