New Orchid Species Discovered in Kerala’s Western Ghats

Botanical Discovery in a Global Biodiversity Hotspot

Researchers have identified a new orchid species in the high-altitude regions of Kerala , further highlighting the exceptional botanical diversity of the Western Ghats . The species was discovered in Kanthalloor near Marayoor in Idukki district , an area known for its unique montane ecosystems. The find adds to the growing list of endemic plant species from the southern Western Ghats.

Taxonomy and Scientific Documentation

The newly identified orchid has been scientifically named Diplozentrum papillosum . It belongs to the Diplozentrum genus, which is endemic to the southern Western Ghats , making the discovery particularly important from a taxonomic and conservation standpoint.

The species has been formally described and published in the peer-reviewed scientific journal Species , ensuring its recognition within the global botanical community.

Key Morphological Characteristics

Diplozentrum papillosum is characterised by unbranched inflorescences and attractive pink-and-white flowers . The petals exhibit distinctive surface features that clearly separate the species from other members of the genus. In addition to visual appeal, the flowers are fragrant , enhancing their ecological role in pollinator interactions as well as their ornamental value.

Habitat and Ecological Adaptations

The species displays both lithophytic (rock-growing) and epiphytic (tree-growing) habits. It possesses strong, well-developed roots that allow it to anchor firmly on rocks and tree branches, an adaptation crucial for survival in wind-exposed, high-range environments .

These traits reflect a high degree of specialisation to the rugged terrain and variable climatic conditions of the southern Western Ghats.

Researchers and Scientific Significance

The discovery was made by a multidisciplinary team comprising Dr Jose Mathew (SD College, Alappuzha), orchid specialist Mathew Jose Mathew (Jonas Orchidarium, Vandiperiyar), A K Pradeep (Ramapuram), and Salim Pichan from the M S Swaminathan Research Foundation , Kalpetta.

The finding underlines the continuing potential for new species discovery in the Western Ghats and reinforces the need for sustained botanical surveys and habitat conservation in ecologically sensitive regions.

Exam-Focused Key Points

• Diplozentrum is an orchid genus endemic to the southern Western Ghats

• Diplozentrum papillosum discovered in Kanthalloor–Marayoor, Idukki district

• Species shows lithophytic and epiphytic growth habits

• Western Ghats is a UNESCO-listed global biodiversity hotspot

• Discovery highlights the need for conservation and botanical exploration