Rare Smew Recorded for First Time in Kaziranga During 7th Waterbird Count

Winter Migrant Smew Emerges as Star Species in Kaziranga Wetland Census

The rare smew, a distinctive white diving duck, has been documented for the first time in Kaziranga National Park during the 7th Waterbird Count. The sighting was made at the Rowmari-Donduwa beels within the Laokhowa buffer of the Kaziranga Tiger Reserve, adding a new species record to the UNESCO World Heritage Site. This year’s enumeration recorded over 1.05 lakh waterbirds across the park’s wetlands, with the smew identified as the standout species.

About the Smew

The smew ( Mergellus albellus ) is a winter visitor to India from the Eurasian taiga. Adult males are easily recognised by their white plumage marked with a bold black facial pattern, while females exhibit grey-brown tones with a chestnut head. In India, the species is rarely observed and typically confined to northern wetlands such as Haiderpur in Uttar Pradesh and areas near Corbett.

Globally, the population is estimated at approximately 1.3 lakh mature individuals. Despite being relatively widespread, it faces gradual decline due to habitat degradation and loss of nesting sites.

Key Findings of the Waterbird Count

The census, conducted from January 4–11, involved more than 120 enumerators and 50 volunteers under the coordination of park authorities and the Assam Bird Monitoring Network. Permanent wetlands supported large congregations, whereas seasonal beels contributed to higher species diversity. The survey provides baseline data for wetland management and long-term conservation planning.

Ecological Importance

Kaziranga’s floodplain wetlands form part of the Central Asian Flyway , a major migratory corridor linking Siberia and Central Asia to South Asia. The park and adjoining sanctuaries are designated Important Bird Areas critical for avian conservation.

Important Facts for Exams

• Kaziranga National Park is a UNESCO World Heritage Site in Assam.

• The smew ( Mergellus albellus ) is a winter migrant to India.

• The Central Asian Flyway connects northern breeding grounds to South Asia.

• Important Bird Areas (IBAs) are identified for global bird conservation.

The smew’s presence underscores the ecological vitality of Kaziranga’s wetlands while highlighting the importance of sustained floodplain conservation.