India Produces Sahiwal Calves Using Advanced IVF Technology

OPU–IVF–ET Breakthrough Boosts Indigenous Cattle Breeding

Scientists at ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute have successfully produced Sahiwal cattle calves using advanced reproductive biotechnology. This milestone strengthens India’s efforts to conserve and genetically enhance indigenous livestock breeds.

Breakthrough in Indigenous Breeding

The achievement is based on the use of OPU IVF ET technology (Ovum Pick-Up, In Vitro Fertilisation, and Embryo Transfer). This method allows the collection of oocytes from elite cows, their fertilisation under laboratory conditions, and subsequent transfer of embryos into surrogate mothers. It enables rapid multiplication of animals with superior genetic traits.

About Sahiwal Cattle Breed

Sahiwal cattle is one of the finest milch breeds of India, originating from the Sahiwal region of Punjab (now in Pakistan). The breed is also known by names such as Lambi Bar, Montgomery, Multani, and Teli. These cattle are typically brownish-red in colour, with variations ranging from mahogany to greyish shades.

Key Characteristics and Productivity

Sahiwal cattle are highly valued for their milk production, averaging around 2,325 kg per lactation. They are well adapted to tropical conditions, showing high heat tolerance, resistance to ticks, and strong immunity against diseases. These traits have made the breed popular internationally, especially in Asia, Africa, and the Caribbean.

Understanding OPU–IVF Technology

Ovum Pick-Up (OPU) involves extracting oocytes from live animals using ultrasound-guided techniques. These are matured and fertilised in vitro to develop embryos, which are then transferred into recipient animals. This technology reduces generation intervals, accelerates genetic improvement, and allows controlled breeding of superior livestock.

Exam-Focused Points

• Developed by: ICAR-IVRI, Bareilly .

• Technology: OPU–IVF–ET (advanced breeding method) .

• Breed: Sahiwal (indigenous milch cattle) .

• Origin: Punjab (Pakistan region) .

• Traits: high milk yield, heat tolerance, disease resistance .

• Benefit: rapid genetic improvement & breed conservation .